Farzan Asif Nakhaei: Interview with the doctor Somayeh TohidlooThe goal is to understand how “the sudden increase in Iranian social solidarity during the Israeli, NATO and the United States attack on Iran” is pursued. Somayeh Tohidloo is a PhD in Sociology of Development, University of Tehran, and is currently an assistant professor for the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. The 6 -day war, contrary to some, reflects maturity and empowerment of Iranian society. He explains that this cohesion was more than the “horizontal solidarity” (among the people), which is based on a common sense of danger, anger of foreign enemy and Iranian national identity. He emphasizes that in order to sustain this solidarity and turn it into “institutional social capital” (trust between the people and the state), the government needs to listen to different voices of the people, strengthen civil participation, and address social and economic demands. In other words, the vertical solidarity represents the gap between the restorative nation, and the political sovereignty towards civil society and its demands shows a fundamental tendency. This dialogue is below:
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Every breakage is not back but forth
The efforts of Iranian society to become empowering have failed because of its lack of experience, and some experts believe that it has led to withdrawal. In spite of this interpretation, but in the six -day war of Israel and NATO against Iran, people suddenly resided with a new cohesion against the West. Some experts call it civil cohesion. This cohesion was contrary to the notion that some experts suggested that people were waiting for foreign force in the country. How do you think this event can be interpreted?
I would like to make something about your question. I do not believe that we will go back with any failure, but perhaps not reach the results that are already predicted, and in this situation we move back or appear to be in place, the reason for not reaching a series of order and not stabilizing conditions after movements, revolutions and revolutions. Therefore, it does not mean returning, because we have always had an average move forward from the constitutional movement to 1, 2, 2, and so on, but this move may not have been the initial prediction.
Two views of the concept of social capital
But in the second part of your question, I have to say what happened in this six -day, according to many experts who said we had low social capital, was very environmentally friendly. What is the meant of low social capital? Social capital is of two types, social capital within the framework of horizontal solidarity, and social capital within the framework of vertical correlation. In horizontal solidarity, we see the solidarity of identical groups or competing groups together in social spaces. But note that horizontal correlation is social and comprehensive correlation. Another model is vertical correlation, which is one of the prominent elements to reduce or increase the gap between the state and the nation. The discussion of trust between the state and the nation and the amount of gaps all reveal themselves in vertical solidarity. In many of the indicators in social space, such as elections, and especially from 1 onwards, we have observed the weakness of vertical correlation.
Factors for the formation of social capital in the 6 -day war
But what happened in the six -day war, and why the linking social capital was formed in Iran, and we came into cohesion that many observers also endorsed. What is this cohesion and what are the requirements of it? It seems that in the first place, people believed that they were in danger, when they found out that Tehran was going to be evacuated. Or, in practice, citizens lost their fellow citizens in Israel’s bombings. Alawa is very important to the anger formed in public spaces with the positions of Trump and Netanyahu, Israel and the United States. They personally narrated this war, as if it were clear that Tehran, Iran, our homeland and its people were not right.
In reaction to these conditions, the use of civilization images based on a thousand and a half Iranian identity was used. That is to say, we have compatriots who are proud of their modern, cultural, and modern Iranian civilization, apart from being a lot of criticism of the current situation.
This anger due to the conditions of attack and foreign aggression greatly restored the horizontal relationship correlation. In social spaces, different groups rushed to each other, with families reinforced intra -group movements and the care of each other. In the form of an outward group, with all the differences they had, but provided their homes to their compatriots, for example, the bakery was trying to get the bread to the travelers and the people would not be left without bread. In other words, any service that was in difficult conditions was done horizontally. This horizontal solidarity was revolved around Iran. In this horizontal solidarity, people, apart from the structure of vertical solidarity, that is, apart from the structure of sovereignty and the state, came to a point where they were able to bridge the bridge between the group position.
Starting questions after passing the phase of anger against the enemy
But after crossing the crisis, the questions gradually begin. That is, what is the sovereignty of this war, and what does it say in the field of diplomacy? What are the dominant narratives of media spaces? Because it does not ride on horizontal correlation and has a meaningful gap. People in different kinetic conditions in Iranian society, for example, in years 1, 2, and 2, showed horizontal correlation against one another. But the question is, at the same time, and after the enemy invasion in the current stage, there was a vertical correlation? Is there confidence in those who manage the city and country, war and diplomacy? What are the reviews?
We must not forget that naturally part of the increase in horizontal correlation always overflows vertical correlation and increased confidence and social capital. However, some have decided to remain silent due to the necessities in the current situation, and to increase the horizontal confidence in vertical solidarity and increase trust as capital. And to turn their dialogue to the sovereignty and ask them to join what is going on in the social space. Some of them were proud of a friend, and the government was doing to the people.
At this stage, how is the power of resistance to war invasion reinforced?
But in the current situation and after the 5 -day attack, the necessity of forming vertical trust, or the loss of government and nation’s divisions on the one hand, and the need to form organic correlations based on the hearing of voices and acceptance of various people and voices is essential. The realization of this issue can consolidate Iranian society, to double the power in a way that will better stand up to war invasion by increasing resilience.
Especially after the 6 -day war, as I said to increase the resistance of society and its resilience, and that we do not know how much this ceasefire will continue, there must be careful planning to improve economic, political and social indicators and to touch people’s efforts. We need organic solidarity because we have passed through the mechanical community and the solidarity of the people shows such a thing. In such a way that all groups have a significant presence, communication solidarity is formed in the public domain, heard people, and by being heard, the gap between the nation and sovereignty in vertical correlation will diminish. Otherwise, the voices of protest and non -alignment will rise.
The sounds heard from the sound and the cause of the weakness in horizontal and vertical correlation
But unfortunately, instead of gradually, the sounds of groups with molded narratives of the national media are heard that will be both horizontal and vertical solidarity. They would like to interpret solidarity as people in crisis as a vertical correlation, while it is horizontal correlation, and we should not confuse them for sharing the word and vocabulary. Because each has its own functions and is based on the time and conditions in which we live. Therefore, we must carefully select them, to try to form all their funds in the social space and move forward.
People’s maturity; The community becomes strong.
Some experts call people the way people behave in the 6 -day war. Because their project failed to enter the streets against political sovereignty. First of all, what do you think this maturity is, and how do you think the future of Iran will be, given this puberty?
This maturity in the way of dealing is not only about the war we see from the people. Minus what is said about the influence and intervention of foreigners, I think that our society is becoming strong and seeking peaceful and non -violent politics from the government. In this sense, in the kinetic space, people are becoming strong. It is true that we do not have the necessary NGOs and powerful civil society institutions, but there are various real and virtual networks that bring people together and have redefined them in multiple and multiplication networks. In these networks, society is growing. For this reason, many may criticize the political consequences of developments, but one cannot ignore its social effects. The social impacts of the social space are forming in society.
So again I emphasize that our society is becoming strong. A society that is becoming stronger is spontaneously different and reinforced by its own demands. Therefore, when space goes to the conditions of resistance and resistance of the people, anger at the force that has attacked his country, this horizontal correlation gradually overflows to vertical correlation. Of course, I have to say that the time model of joining people and who was pioneering, who came later and who was silent, are all important. But, as you say, all of this reflects the social maturity of the people they are finding themselves. And from the incident bThe votes of Iranian society should see how active and productive, social space and various formal and unofficial correlation, and non -official, non -official, vertical and horizontal correlation.
The roots of society’s maturity in civic and charity activities
For many years, our economic problems have been resolved from informal charity spaces through family conditions. Many people, because of their political space, many of their demands only occur in informal spaces and virtual networks and the like. So we did not believe people would come to the field alongside influenza and social elites, and academics, as social propulsion, but when they came to the homeland, the people and the nation, they took the field. Even though they may be defined in the divide between the nation’s state.
Care to form horizontal and vertical correlations parallel
But my emphasis is that in order to form social capital, horizontal correlation with vertical correlation must be formed. It seems that we have used elements of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh to form the two correlations in parallel, even by those who had ideological views of the Ferdowsi. For this reason, in the city -wide banners, they use Arash Kamangir and the like.
The reason is that people show their anger at those who have wanted to act against the homeland. This itself confirms the strengthening of horizontal solidarity in society, in which each of the sections, including the elite, has joined the homeland defense campaign at a different speed. I think in any situation, people still stay together and take care of each other. I believe that if there are “them” and “other” very important, people will remain together. The condition is to reduce vertical correlation and distance with the sovereignty.
What can be done to reduce the distance of the nation’s government?
In order to reduce the gap, the people of the people must increase, the public forces become more active, reducing the sovereignty with the people. One cannot expect the people who are taking power, disarmed, so that it will be governed. It is important to accept different voices between the people and their proliferation, and to try to accept what the majority say, to the vertical solidarity and the increase in social capital. This guarantees what was in your first question.
To sustain the positive outcomes of any event, such as movement, war, revolution, or anything else, it can have positive consequences for any society. In order to be able to have positive consequences for the internal and institutionalized society, we can use it at different times. It seems we need to be careful where we are and where we can stand and not interpret the wrong interpretations. By relying on the care of people and horizontal correlation, we do not move on and do not support claims. Otherwise, dissatisfaction will occur, and there is a possibility of breaking solidarity.
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