Forozan Asif Nakhai: According to the news agency Online newsIn the “Peace and Tolerance of Cyrus the Great” meeting, which was held on the occasion of November 7 at the House of Humanities Thinkers in 2015, Dr. Ali Akbar Amini, Professor of Political Science at Central Azad University, gave a speech. In his speech, the video file of which has been published in Aparat, he mentioned this huge issue of human history that Cyrus, according to historians such as Herodotus, was the founder of the first state and empire based on peace and tolerance.
First, he pointed out that he found out that apparently Hafez is more popular than Cyrus and said: “According to the polls of international institutions, Cyrus is the most popular character around the world”. Referring to Dr. Maqsoudi’s words that “peace association cannot be supported”, Amini said: “This is also a normal value. Apparently, society beats the drum of war more. And you want to go upstream like a little black fish.”
Before reading a poem by Hafez, this university professor mentioned a memory of the late Rashid and said: “When I was on my way home from elementary school, there was a place where the people of the neighborhood where I lived during the month of Ramadan They used to gather in front of an atari and listen to the radio. The master of speech, the pious and pure ascetic, Hossein Ali Rashid, was speaking, may God have mercy on him, and I wish there were not many people like him. The subject of that honorable man’s speech, in that month of Ramadan, on the 29th or 30th day, was this very verse that I am reciting to you now:
Asayesh Dughiti is the interpretation of these two letters
With the friends of Merut, with the enemies of tolerance”
Dr. Ali Akbar Amini’s lecture on tolerance, at the House of Humanities Thinkers
Definition of tolerance and prejudice
He then went on to define tolerance and Kuroshi’s tolerance and said: “But what is tolerance? What is the definition of tolerance?” What is Kuroshi tolerance? As one of the pioneers of this issue, Voltaire says: “Tolerance is respecting the other in the difference he has.” But tolerance in the broadest sense of the word means “not to punish anyone for his beliefs as long as those beliefs do not lead to a criminal act.”
Amini went on to point out that “sometimes to better understand a category or a concept, we have to use Khalaf’s argument” and said: “It means to say that a society that does not have tolerance, a person that does not have tolerance, in front of opinions His opponent is not tolerant, he is impatient, what other person will he be in front of? What is the name of the person who is not tolerant? That person’s name is a fanatic.”
This university professor defined bigotry by emphasizing that “bigotry is opposed to tolerance” and said: “A bigot is a person who does not repeat anything other than the words “only me and my way” and according to one of Authors “The human heart hurts from the suffering that free people have suffered throughout history from the foolish pursuits of professional prejudice claimants who have constantly shouted that the truth is what we learn and everything we do not learn is a mistake. And far from the truth, what they have done or what they will do throughout history. In a bigoted society, it is very difficult for them both for their individual and collective lives It is enough to mention the history in this regard, unfortunately, in our time, the study of history is out of fashion.
Amini further pointed to the ideological bias of “Stalin or Hitler” which led to crimes like Gulak and the Holocaust in history and criticized the statements of some who consider Iranian society to be far from bias and said: We are not biased, but I am sharing two lines of poetry from Master Malek al-Shaara, Bahar Qasayed No. 219 – Jahannam Kheyat, which express many events and facts:
Anyone except Shia is a God-worshiper
His place is in Hell on the Day of Resurrection
Vaz Shia also became stylish every time
It will burn in the fire of the body like his feathers.
Therefore, there is no room left for tolerance for the members of the society who are brought up in this way.”
Iran, the ancient world, Cyrus, the creator of the new world order
In another part of his speech, this university professor refers to the time of Cyrus in the ancient world and says: “In the ancient world, religion was the main factor of valuation and at that time, nationality and race were not very important. In a country whose founder was the founder of tolerance, for the first time in his conquests, he abandoned religious fanaticism. We all know that in the Torah, according to his tolerance with the Jews, no one can match Cyrus in his good character, good character, and good record, even by forgiving those who did not agree with him.
Amini then addressed Cyrus’s personal beliefs and said: “Cyrus was a monotheist, that is, he accepted not only God but also the One God.” We Iranians have never been polytheists since we had written history. From the late Mehrdad Bahar in the country to the foreign researchers, everyone accepted the point that we Iranians were theists and worshiped the only God. And Cyrus also respected the gods of other nations and when he conquered Babylon, he avoided the persecution of those who were actually with him. They were not of the same religion, he refused.
He mentioned Cyrus as the creator of the new international order and said: “Thus, a new factor, namely tolerance, entered the relations of the international order. At that time, it did not have a history, and it is not paid much attention to, and that factor is the recognition of the rights of religious minorities and Its recognition is; It means to respect them, not just dry and empty respect, but to recognize their rights in practice.
Comparison of two empires
Amini then mentioned a very important event in the Qajar period that “they forced the Jews and maybe the Christians too, not to come out of the house on rainy days and to hang a plaque around their neck saying that I am a religious minority.” The reason why they don’t come out, you must know, is because it is embarrassing to mention his name.”
He continued: “If we do not have quantitative insight, the importance of this issue will not be clear to us. To judge any phenomenon, it must be examined in its own time, and in comparison with those who live at the same time. let’s give When Cyrus formed his empire, that is, about 25 centuries ago, the political system of the world was made up of small city governments, which sometimes could not manage their affairs well, but Cyrus, in one word, 23 and in another word He brought the city government under his command for 25 years and became the founder of the first great empire in the world, but under what quality? In addition to his bravery, courage, competence and merit, he was considered the greatest gift of the age because he was a person of tolerance and was not prejudiced.
Amini went on to compare the Achaemenid Empire with the Safavid Empire and discussed the causes of the decline of the Safavid Empire and said: “Unlike the empire of Cyrus the Great, we had an empire or a quasi-empire called the Safavid Empire. What caused the overthrow of the Safavids? In addition to comfort and laziness, there is no doubt that it was prejudice, that is, a policy contrary to Cyrus’ policy. The point I would like to make is the research emphasized, the research and insistence of Hazrat Ustad Abdul Hossein Zarinkoub. The main reason for the collapse of the Safavids was fanaticism. The dear ones must know that 6,000 Afghans who did not have shoes on their feet, and most of their horses did not have saddles, conquered the Safavid capital, Isfahan, almost without any effort. What was the reason? The reason was the prejudiced policy of Shah Sultan Hussain and his mentor and teacher Mohammad Baqer Majlisi, who fueled the phenomenon of migration and brain flight, and many of the brains of that time went to India, and this itself became the cause of the overthrow of this country. Therefore, prejudice is very expensive for us Iranians, I don’t know why we don’t pay enough attention to it.”
The growth of ideological and political differences and the weakening of the foundations of affairs
Amini continued to compare the Safavid and Achaemenid empires and pointed to the political manifestations of Shah Ismail’s bigotry and said: “Shah Ismail issued a death sentence to anyone who refused to curse the three caliphs. . When he went to Baghdad, he opened Abu Hanifa’s grave and said that his bones should be flogged and burned and a dog should be buried in his place. However, Abu Hanifah was one of the four imams of Sunnis and Iran-friends. In fact, the rescue of the Persian language is owed to Abu Hanifa, who issued a fatwa before Ferdowsi that prayers can be read in Persian. He was very tolerant in his views and basically not bigoted. “Many Iranians and Shah Ismail’s ancestors were followers of the Hanafi religion, and many Sunnis, for example, in Sistan and Baluchistan province still follow that sect.”
Tolerance in the rule of Cyrus and Ghart in the rule of Assyrian Benipal
This university professor pointed to the documents left by historians including Xenophon and Herodotus about Cyrus and said: “In any case, we know that the most important source for Cyrus is historians like Xenophon and Herodotus. Herodotus lists acts that Cyrus did, all examples of tolerance. But it is interesting to say that in a comparative study, at the same time that Cyrus respected the gods of the conquered countries and restored their desecrated temples, 100 years before that, Ashur Benipal, as one of the civilized kings of that time, took his actions in the city. Shush describes it like this: “I conquered the city of Shush, they opened the doors of the treasures, which means that it has been looted, I leveled the temples and threw their gods and goddesses to the wind. I gave spoils, I destroyed the tombs of their old and new kings. I don’t know what kind of destruction a king’s grave can have? We witnessed such an event during the time of Mr. “I turned the state of Iran into a barren ruin in the space of one month and 25 days, that is, for 55 days. 100 years later, when Cyrus comes, he will take the exact opposite policy.”
Emphasizing that “nowhere in history have they mentioned anything contrary to what these two historians have recorded, or what the Torah has mentioned,” except for a few recently compiled volumes, and he considers this version of history to be a lie. “But in our time, bigotry is the three-headed enemy of tolerance. To our ears, what is breathing throughout the Middle East is not talk of tolerance. One of the philosophers whom I am very fond of says, “It doesn’t matter whether in the East or in the West, since the age of faith, the danger has never been so great. Today, the need for uniformity is a policy that reinforces intolerance. Everyone should dress the same.” speak the same way, have the same opinion, pray the same way, eat the same way, this is homogeneity. Today, the need for homogeneity is promoted with more fervor, contrary to what they hear in our ears It is neither more faith, nor stronger leadership, nor more practical organization. Rather, on the contrary, our times require less savior enthusiasm, clearer and more enlightened skepticism, and also need to rely on tolerance and tolerance. What we need is that in the application of general principles The more rational and clear they are, the less dry and biased we should be when we want to apply general and scientifically tested solutions to untested cases. Let us act with more caution and less arrogance, the motto of the criminal Talleyrand who said never to be too zealous may be more humane than the motto of the pious Robespierre who called people alike.
In the end, he said: “I would like to finish my article with a sentence from Comte de Gubeinault about Cyrus. Comte de Gubeinault is the same person who has a crossroad named after him in Lalezar Street, called Comte Crossroads.” He says that “he (Cyrus) was the savior of the world, he wanted the destiny to be superior to others forever.”
Read more:
The economy is in the hands of those who are not accountable to the ruling institutions / playing with fire, we are not in normal conditions / why don’t we learn from successful development in the world?
Khaniki: During the Shah’s time, people had to get a license to buy a radio / equality is the first condition for dialogue / young people spend 233 minutes on the Internet every day / +film
The development of the country requires a correct understanding of Trump’s victory
216216
منبع: www.khabaronline.ir
