According to the news agency Online News Quoted Ibna, Popular Matin In an interview with Dr. Reza Davariardkani, an Iranian philosopher and thinker, a distinguished professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran, he discussed hundreds of articles, the category of colonialism and its relation to the West and Orientalism. It is worth noting that the 4 -volume collection of “Iranian colonialism” has been prepared and published in the form of six five -volume collections by the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies: First Collection: “Epistemic and Language Colonialism”; The second set: “theoretical and philosophical colonialism”; The third set of “colonialism by narrating documents, sources and texts”; Fourth Collection: “Cultural and Identity Colonialism”; The fifth set of “Social and Economic Colonialism”; And the sixth collection of “Historical and Political Colonialism”. This dialogue is below:
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Three stages of confrontation with colonialism in the Middle East
Given the recent historical, theoretical and intellectual experience of the Iranian nation, can we speak of a kind of Iranian colonialism that includes national culture and identity?
Colonialism has a 5 -year history. This date has been divided into two parts: the old colonialism that lasted until the Second International War, and since then, the new situation has been called new colonialism. It is a little difficult to understand this new situation. The different and different interpretations of it show the complexity and difficulty. The new colonization is at least hidden and hidden in the recent case. Our country has never been colonized, but from the beginning of the history of colonialism, which was the time of Europe to reach scientific, political and military power, it has been attacked by world powers and has suffered great damage.
The issue of colonialism and what it came from and where Europe and why and how it came to power was not even for Europeans in the late nineteenth century. However, the people of the countries of colonialism and the intervention of others could not be ignorant of this abuse and showed their opposition in various ways. As mentioned, our country did not colonize. Other Islamic countries were not colony. However, their situation was worse than our situation. The only country with a huge Muslim population was the Indian country or quasi -people, with the people of the East and Western Muslims.
In this country, both Muslims and non -Muslims have resisted colonialism, and this resistance was not unrelated to their culture and beliefs. Seyyed Jamal al -Din Asadabadi in Iran and Iqbal Lahouri in India somewhat thought of colonialism and sought to get rid of it. This was a way to go and how it was a matter of discussion, and I can’t get it. But the point to keep in mind is the stages of colonialism in the last five years.
The confrontation with colonialism has three stages: in the first encounter, cultural, ethnic and religious perception prevailed, and then with the emergence of national spirit and nationality, the confrontation with colonialism was created as national movements to achieve political independence. Unfortunately, these movements were soon defeated, and with this failure, another stage was created in the history of colonialism, and colonialism found a new form that we said was called colonial. In this colonization, local actors replaced European officials in colonial and colonized countries.
This exposure, in my opinion, has three stages and each stage has a special one. In the first confrontation, cultural, ethnic and religious perception prevailed, and then with the emergence of national spirit and nationality, the confrontation with colonialism was created as national movements to achieve political independence. Unfortunately, these movements were soon defeated, and with this failure, another stage was created in the history of colonialism, and colonialism found a new form that we said was called colonial. In this colonialism, the local actors of the colonial powers replaced European officials in colonial and colonized countries.
The independence movement also found another pink. In which the religious element had little decisive effect. At this stage, the practice was prevalent, and as far as I know, there was no important implications in analyzing the colonial status. I do not know if you can talk about the colonial situation again in this period. But anyway, the current era is considered to be a post -colonial time. Post -colonial status means if colonialism is over, of course the formal colonialism is over; That is, colonization is no longer a part of the political programs of governments in the West.
Now, a world that has been a colony or a colonial talent is on the outskirts of the new world without knowing its situation and knowing that not only is the consumer of technology owners, but perhaps its understanding of the new time. I found this neglect in the absence and on the sidelines I found a special trait of underdevelopment. If this understanding has a place, you need to think more about the current situation and the relation between the world powers and the countries in the development and underdeveloped. In this way, we need to pay more attention to history and reflect on the contemporary history of our country and the current state of the world.
Overcoming the political view of the West in Iran
How and how much has Western Studies in Iran help to understand the phenomenon of colonialism?
Western studies that have been discussed and considered in our country may not have been very deep research. The West and the East have been geographical terms over the past five years that have found metaphorical meanings in mysticism and philosophy. But the West and the East belong to the new era in its political and historical sense. Although the intellectual and cultural confrontation between the East and the West was prompted by the Greeks and, for example, Athens against the East (Iran-Pars), there was no serious cultural confrontation between the East and the West until five years ago, and it may not be incorrect to say that by the twentieth century they never referred to the West on a historical status and existence.
In our country, although about a century ago, a form of cultural confrontation in the East and the West has been more political, and the West has been considered a political existence. Political perception of the East and West, even if it has any funds, restricts the opportunity to investigate the West and the East, where the precedence is given to the political opposite with the West.
It was in the twentieth century that Europe came to the consciousness that power, the power of culture, thought, and science, and he saw it all. So the concept of the West to Europe emerged with this self -consciousness. The German philosopher Husserl spoke of the European crisis, and Spangler predicted the collapse and destruction of the West until a temporary optimism that had been temporary after World War II, which was temporary as a triumph of Europe and America over Nazism, East and West. Europe and America were called the West, and the East was referred to as the Soviet Front and East Europe, which took place in the meaning of the East and the West, and the two became political terms, and thinking about the West was overshadowed by the attention of science and technology and its development and hope for political freedoms, and since then the East and the West.
In our country, although about a century ago, a form of cultural confrontation in the East and the West has been more political, and the West has been considered a political existence. In our current official language, too, when it comes to the West, the great powers are considered. The political perception of the East and the West, even if it has the funds, restricts the opportunity to investigate the West and the East, where the precedence is given to the political opposite with the West. However, the studies so far have partly led to the recognition of colonialism as a manifestation of European policy manifestations in recent times. But to clarify our situation against the West, deeper and deeper research is still needed.
The historical existence of the West invites to accept its principles and rules
Usually when we discuss colonialism, we consider this concept in the area of “Emorsi”, but the question is whether colonialism has “anthological” dimensions and what if the anthological foundations of colonialism are and what can be found between old and new colonial forms?
This is an important question. Especially since reflecting on this question, the Western issue is also raised. The West is not a policy, and its authority has not been fully in the hands of European and American political-economic speculators. The West is a historical existence and has been consistent as the intellectual, cultural, economic and political system. The West, in this case, has never been anywhere until 5 years ago. This West has emerged in the new European Europe and has been expanded over the past five years and now seems to be over. Most of the second half of the twentieth century philosophers have called this era of modernity.
From the attribute of this West or modernity, one is that it has a worldwide soda and calls all the people of the world to accept its principles and rules, as if he wants to express religion. Colonialism, which was initially political-economic, has now found a way out of the westernization of the world through information and technology consumption.
One of the attributes of this West or modernity is that it has a worldwide soda and reads all the people of the world to accept its principles and rules, as if it wants to admit religion.. Colonialism, which was initially political-economic, has now found a westernization of the world through information and technology consumption. In modernization, however, culture has always been a guide to politics. Contrary to what they sometimes think of Orientalism, it is not a colonialism. Rather, it has paved the way for the colonization and domination of world powers.
Now, less talk of colonialism. But there is a westernization of the world in Europe and America and the desire to become westernization across the earth and is increasing day by day. Of course, the West and the modern modernity have no power to extend the centuries 1 and 2, and the underdeveloped world is aside from the possibility of getting closer to modernity culture. Perhaps the path in which the current world goes does not have the ideals of modern culture, but it will, however, make people into a new lifestyle and consumers of objects, techniques and cyberspace information.
Artificial intelligence is huge and astonishing. But to the future of human life and to provide justice.
How does the epistemic colonization or the colonization of the mind in today’s world help to understand the nature of colonialism?
The situation of the current world has set for all an ideal, and it is to achieve perfection of artificial intelligence. It is noteworthy that an American researcher has recently been pleased with the announcement of the death of a human being that ends with the death of human cruelty and establishes the technology of justice among living things. Such perceptions smell of stupidity and the link between science and stupidity can be a great disaster
If I understand the meaning of epistemic colonialism correctly and meant to seize souls and conquer their minds, I must say that this colonialism does not help to understand the current world. Rather, it has set for everyone an ideal, which is to achieve the perfection of artificial intelligence. It is noteworthy that an American researcher has recently been pleased with the announcement of the death of a human being that ends with the death of human cruelty and establishes the technology of justice among living things. Such perceptions smell of stupidity, and the link between science and stupidity can be a great disaster. It is clear that artificial intelligence as technology is important and even astonishing. But it has nothing to do with the future of the world and the improvement of human life and the provision of justice, because it does not know the future at all. Artificial intelligence is now gathering and stopping the past, without knowing the tomorrow. Artificial intelligence is also alien to human beliefs and hopes.
Policies cannot deal with the essence of technology
Given that our country has never been an official colony, in which parts and levels of Iranian society was the extent of the influence of colonialism?
Colonialism means that the colonial political plan means keeping people unaware of their situation and disabling them to interfere in the affairs of the country. The effect of this colonization is everywhere and may be more apparent in the community of politics and consumption in society. But the spread of Western custom and lifestyle is no longer the work of politicians and the effect of political-economic strategies, but the new science and technology that is self-applied, and the essence of it is to be everywhere and to make the whole world a form of modernity. The consciousness of the power that is merely political confrontation with which is inadequate and less affiliated with policies is a condition of liberation from imitating the world of power.
How much could the Iranian philosophical and rational tradition be or effective in understanding the phenomenon of colonialism, and how can this happen?
The first condition for recognizing colonialism is to get acquainted with the new world and its requirements. Philosophers, scholars, and acquaintances with Islamic philosophical and divine teachings are usually less likely to have been in Europe and America for the past five years, and are now everywhere, and have no interest in finding a way to understand it. But if they become familiar with its modernity and history, this familiarity with capital and a good guide to understanding and interpreting things and even an introduction to liberation from imitation of common custom can be.
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